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The Santa Justa Lift ((ポルトガル語:Elevador de Santa Justa), ), also called Carmo Lift ((ポルトガル語:Elevador do Carmo), (:elɨvɐˈdoɾ du ˈkaɾmu)), is an elevator/lift in civil parish of Santa Justa, in the historical city of Lisbon, situated at the end of ''Rua de Santa Justa''. It connects the lower streets of the ''Baixa'' with the higher ''Largo do Carmo'' (Carmo Square). Since its construction, the Lift has become a tourist attraction for Lisbon as, among the urban lifts in the city, Santa Justa is the only remaining vertical one. Others, including ''Elevador da Glória'' and ''Elevador da Lavra'', are funiculars, and the other lift constructed around the same time, the Elevator of São Julião has since been demolished. ==History== The hills of Lisbon have always presented a problem for travel between the lower streets of the main ''Baixa'' and the higher ''Largo do Carmo'' (Carmo Square)., In order to facilitate the movement between the two, the civil and military engineer Roberto Arménio presented a project to the Lisbon municipal council in 1874. A similar project was suggested in 1876, that included raillines that would be pulled by animals up an inclined plane. In May 1882 founder and representative of the ''Companhia dos Ascensores Mecânicos de Lisboa'', Raoul Mesnier du Ponsard,〔petitioned the city council for permission to explore alternative plans for constructing an inclined transport moved by mechanical means. On 1 June 1882, Mesnier, a Porto born engineer of French parentage, was granted a licence to proceed. In 1896 Mesnier petitoned for the concession of this project, in order to establish the ''Escadinhas de Santa Justa'', a request that was contested by Henry Lusseau. At the same time, the ''Serviços de Obras da Câmara'' (''Municipal Public Services'') supported Mesnier's petition, and the concession to authorize the construction and exploration of the Raoul Mesnier du Ponsard Elevator was approved.〔 Yet, it would take two years to receive a provisionary license to construct the structure. In 1899, the ''Empresa do Elevador do Carmo'' (''Company of the Elevator of Carmo'') was founded (constituted by principal partners Raoul Mesnier du Ponsard, medical surgeon João Silvestre de Almeida and the Marquess of Praia e Monforte, António Borges de Medeiros Dias da Câmara e Sousa) in order to secure the permanent concession of the elevator project for a period of 99 years.〔 In 1900, the formal contract was signed between the Municipal Council of Lisbon and the ''Empresa do Elevador do Carmo'' (extinct in 1939), on which the working group was obligated to present a project for an elevator in a period of six months;〔 planning on the construction had already begun with the Lisbon branch of the metal constructors Cardoso D'Argent & Cia. (founded in 1897) in Junqueira.〔 The founder, Manuel Cardoso, had already been placed in charge of the offices of firm ''Empresa Industrial Portuguesa'' and responsible for the workers in the Elevador de Santa Justa project. By the middle of the year, the land that would be the main site was already in movement, establishing the footings and equipment house (2 June of the same year).〔〔 On 31 August 1901, King Carlos inaugurates the metal bridge and awning,〔 in a ceremony that included members of the royal family, the members of the Elevator company, Raoul Mesnier du Ponsard, and various members of the high nobility and journalists.〔 Yet, its operation would wait some time: the operating car, was only inaugurated in 1902,〔 in the presence of the managing director of the concessionary company, Dr. Silvestre de Almeida, accompanied by journalists and other invited guests, in a ceremony presided by the Secretary-General of the Civil Government.〔 The operating concession was given to the company Lisbon Electric Tramway Ltd. in 1905.〔 Originally powered by steam, it was converted to electrical operation in 1907,〔〔 and the respective concessionary company would buy the Elevator in 1913, from the ''Empresa do Elevador do Carmo''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Santa Justa Lift」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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